Ground layering was originally a type of propagation layering performed by making a cut approximately 1/2 way through a low branch, wedging it open with a stone and pushing the wound area into the ground a foot or two away from the plant. The branch produced roots at the wound site and so extended the length of the hedge by a couple of feet. In this way, a few plants spaced at regular intervals could serve as hosts to create a wide perimeter hedge over a number of seasons.

Today, a type of ground layering is performed on bonsai to improve or correct the root system. The technique is nearly identical to the one discribed in the air layering article, except rather than suspending rooting medium in a bag, a fence is built up on the soil surface surrounding the layer, filled with bonsai soil, and a second root system will develop within the fenced area.

Hello,
The ground layer contains leaf litter, fallen twigs and logs (wood), and soil. Leaf litter is made from dead leaves that fall in autumn and then rot.
The ground layer provides food and shelter for animals, like birds and small invertebrates. Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone.
Some animals (invertebrates) feed on the leaf litter, wood and soil.
Some animals (birds and invertebrates) feed on other animals.
The leaf litter, twigs and logs provide shelter. Small invertebrates can hide from predators (animals that want to eat them) and shelter from the weather.
Ground layering is the typical propagation technique for the popular Malling-Merton series of clonal apple rootstocks in which the original plants are set in the ground with the stem nearly horizontal, which forces side buds to grow upward. After these are started the original stem is buried up to the tip. At the end of the growing season, the side branches will have rooted, and can be separated while the plant is dormant. Some of these will be used for grafting rootstocks, and some can be reused in the nursery for the next growing season's crop.

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